I use a macronutrient (and micronutrient) based approach more widely known as flexible dieting or If it fits your macros (IIFYM). If you’ve been a part of any social media fitness crowd, you’ve likely seen a picture of someone with a 6 pack and a box of donuts with #iifym. While this is slightly misleading, the goal is to be able to have the foods you enjoy that aren’t the most nutrient-dense incorporated into your diet while still reaching your goals.
In my experience, this approach works the best because time and time again science has shown us that while yes, micronutrients (vitamins/minerals) do matter when it comes to compositional goals (lose fat, build muscle) the largest determining factor is calories in vs calories out. You’re going to see the majority of your progress by focusing on the proper macronutrient (protein, carbs, fat) balance while being mindful of your micros. You can eat “healthy” all day long and still be eating too many calories, without proper balance, and still not see the results you want.